Make

TL;DR

Was: Klassisches Build-Automatisierungstool mit Makefiles.

Warum: Universell, Abhängigkeitsverfolgung, parallele Ausführung, einfache Syntax.

Quick Start

Makefile erstellen:

# Makefile
hello:
	echo "Hello, Make!"

build:
	go build -o app main.go

clean:
	rm -f app

Targets ausführen:

make hello
make build
make clean

Cheatsheet

Syntax	Beschreibung
target: deps	Target mit Abhängigkeiten definieren
$(VAR)	Variablenreferenz
$@	Aktueller Target-Name
$<	Erste Abhängigkeit
$^	Alle Abhängigkeiten
.PHONY	Nicht-Datei-Targets markieren

Gotchas

Basic Makefile

# Variables
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -Wall -g
SRC = main.c utils.c
OBJ = $(SRC:.c=.o)
TARGET = app

# Default target
all: $(TARGET)

# Link
$(TARGET): $(OBJ)
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $^

# Compile
%.o: %.c
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@

# Clean
clean:
	rm -f $(OBJ) $(TARGET)

# Phony targets
.PHONY: all clean

Common patterns

# Project for any language
.PHONY: all build test clean dev

# Default
all: build

# Build
build:
	npm run build

# Development
dev:
	npm run dev

# Test
test:
	npm test

# Clean
clean:
	rm -rf dist node_modules

# Install dependencies
deps:
	npm install

# Format code
fmt:
	npm run format

# Lint
lint:
	npm run lint

Variables and functions

# Simple variable (expanded when used)
FILES = $(wildcard src/*.js)

# Immediate variable (expanded when defined)
NOW := $(shell date)

# Default value
PORT ?= 3000

# String substitution
OBJS = $(SRCS:.c=.o)

# Shell command
VERSION = $(shell git describe --tags)

# Conditional
ifdef DEBUG
  CFLAGS += -g
endif

Dependencies

# Sequential dependencies
deploy: test build
	./deploy.sh

# Pattern rule
%.o: %.c %.h
	$(CC) -c $< -o $@

# Order-only prerequisites (directories)
$(OBJ): | build_dir

build_dir:
	mkdir -p build

Docker Makefile

.PHONY: build run push clean

IMAGE = myapp
TAG = latest

build:
	docker build -t $(IMAGE):$(TAG) .

run:
	docker run -p 3000:3000 $(IMAGE):$(TAG)

push:
	docker push $(IMAGE):$(TAG)

shell:
	docker run -it $(IMAGE):$(TAG) /bin/sh

clean:
	docker rmi $(IMAGE):$(TAG)

Help target

.PHONY: help
help:
	@echo "Available targets:"
	@echo "  build    - Build the application"
	@echo "  test     - Run tests"
	@echo "  clean    - Remove build artifacts"
	@echo "  deploy   - Deploy to production"

Next Steps

• GNU Make Manual - Offizielle Dokumentation
• Make Tutorial - Interaktives Tutorial
• Makefile Best Practices - Style Guide
• just - Moderne Alternative