OpenAPI

TL;DR

Was: Standardspezifikation zur Beschreibung von RESTful APIs.

Warum: Interaktive Dokumentation, Code-Generierung, API-Testing, sprachunabhängiger Vertrag.

Quick Start

Spec erstellen (openapi.yaml):

openapi: 3.0.3
info:
  title: My API
  version: 1.0.0
  description: A simple API

servers:
  - url: http://localhost:3000

paths:
  /users:
    get:
      summary: List users
      responses:
        '200':
          description: Success
          content:
            application/json:
              schema:
                type: array
                items:
                  $ref: '#/components/schemas/User'

components:
  schemas:
    User:
      type: object
      properties:
        id:
          type: integer
        name:
          type: string

Mit Swagger UI anzeigen:

npx @redocly/cli preview-docs openapi.yaml
# Or use https://editor.swagger.io

Cheatsheet

Konzept	Beschreibung
paths	API-Endpunkte
components	Wiederverwendbare Schemas
parameters	Query-, Path-, Header-Parameter
requestBody	Request-Body-Schema
responses	Response-Definitionen
security	Auth-Definitionen

Gotchas

Complete endpoint

paths:
  /users/{id}:
    get:
      summary: Get user by ID
      tags:
        - Users
      parameters:
        - name: id
          in: path
          required: true
          schema:
            type: integer
      responses:
        '200':
          description: User found
          content:
            application/json:
              schema:
                $ref: '#/components/schemas/User'
        '404':
          description: User not found

    put:
      summary: Update user
      parameters:
        - name: id
          in: path
          required: true
          schema:
            type: integer
      requestBody:
        required: true
        content:
          application/json:
            schema:
              $ref: '#/components/schemas/UserUpdate'
      responses:
        '200':
          description: Updated

Schemas

components:
  schemas:
    User:
      type: object
      required:
        - id
        - email
      properties:
        id:
          type: integer
          readOnly: true
        email:
          type: string
          format: email
        name:
          type: string
          minLength: 1
          maxLength: 100
        role:
          type: string
          enum: [admin, user, guest]
        createdAt:
          type: string
          format: date-time

    UserUpdate:
      type: object
      properties:
        name:
          type: string
        role:
          type: string

Authentication

components:
  securitySchemes:
    bearerAuth:
      type: http
      scheme: bearer
      bearerFormat: JWT
    apiKey:
      type: apiKey
      in: header
      name: X-API-Key

security:
  - bearerAuth: []

paths:
  /admin:
    get:
      security:
        - apiKey: []
      # ...

Code generation

# Generate TypeScript client
npx openapi-typescript-codegen --input openapi.yaml --output ./client

# Generate server stub (Java)
npx @openapitools/openapi-generator-cli generate \
  -i openapi.yaml -g spring -o ./server

Next Steps

• OpenAPI Specification - Vollständige Spezifikation
• Swagger Editor - Online-Editor
• Swagger UI - Interaktive Dokumentation
• OpenAPI Generator - Code-Generierung