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Prometheus

Metrik-basiertes Monitoring - Pull-Modell, PromQL-Abfragen, Alerting, ideal fur Cloud-Native und Kubernetes

TL;DR

Was: Ein Open-Source Monitoring- und Alerting-Toolkit.

Warum: Pull-basierte Metriken, mächtige Abfragesprache (PromQL), Service Discovery, Alerting.

Quick Start

Mit Docker installieren:

docker run -d --name prometheus \
  -p 9090:9090 \
  prom/prometheus

Öffnen Sie http://localhost:9090

Oder mit Konfigurationsdatei:

# prometheus.yml
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'prometheus'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['localhost:9090']
docker run -d -p 9090:9090 \
  -v ./prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
  prom/prometheus

Cheatsheet

PromQLBeschreibung
metric_nameMetrik auswählen
metric{label="value"}Nach Label filtern
rate(metric[5m])Rate pro Sekunde
sum(metric)Summe aggregieren
avg by (label)(metric)Gruppierter Durchschnitt
histogram_quantile(0.95, metric)95. Perzentil

Gotchas

PromQL-Abfragen

# HTTP request rate per second
rate(http_requests_total[5m])

# Error rate percentage
sum(rate(http_requests_total{status=~"5.."}[5m])) /
sum(rate(http_requests_total[5m])) * 100

# CPU usage
100 - (avg by(instance) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) * 100)

# Memory usage
node_memory_MemTotal_bytes - node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes

Ihre App instrumentieren

# Python with prometheus_client
from prometheus_client import Counter, start_http_server

requests_total = Counter('http_requests_total', 'Total requests', ['method', 'path'])

@app.route('/')
def hello():
    requests_total.labels(method='GET', path='/').inc()
    return 'Hello'

start_http_server(8000)  # Metrics endpoint

Alerting-Regeln

# alert.rules.yml
groups:
  - name: example
    rules:
      - alert: HighErrorRate
        expr: rate(http_requests_total{status="500"}[5m]) > 0.1
        for: 5m
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          summary: High error rate detected

Scrape-Konfiguration

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'node'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['localhost:9100']

  - job_name: 'kubernetes-pods'
    kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: pod

Next Steps