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GitHub Actions

GitHub 原生 CI/CD - 在 push、PR、定时触发时自动化工作流，公开仓库免费

TL;DR

是什么：GitHub 内置的 CI/CD 和自动化平台。

为什么用：原生 GitHub 集成、公开仓库免费、市场中有大量 actions、矩阵构建。

Quick Start

创建 .github/workflows/ci.yml：

name: CI

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: '20'
      - run: npm ci
      - run: npm test

推送代码触发工作流。

Cheatsheet

触发器语法
推送on: push
Pull requeston: pull_request
定时on: schedule: - cron: '0 0 * * *'
手动on: workflow_dispatch
其他工作流on: workflow_call

Gotchas

矩阵构建

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
      matrix:
        node: [18, 20, 22]
        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest]
    steps:
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: ${{ matrix.node }}

密钥和环境变量

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    env:
      NODE_ENV: production
    steps:
      - run: echo ${{ secrets.API_KEY }}
      - run: echo $NODE_ENV

缓存依赖

- uses: actions/cache@v4
  with:
    path: ~/.npm
    key: ${{ runner.os }}-node-${{ hashFiles('**/package-lock.json') }}

条件步骤

- name: Deploy
  if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
  run: ./deploy.sh

构建产物

- uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
  with:
    name: build
    path: dist/

Next Steps